Saturday, May 8, 2010

FF Bruce on Antipas

From FF Bruce's History of the New Testament p27
How well Antipas served Rome's interests may be gauged in part from the absence of revolt or open unrest on any serious scale in the two regions of his tetrarchy for over 40 years. The troubles which beset Judaea when it became a Roman province in AD 6 do not appear to have affected Galilee or Peraea, even though Judas, who led the revolt in Judaea at this time, was in some sense a Galiliaean, according to both Luke and Josephus.

Although Antipas throughout the whole of his public career had no higher title than tetrarch, his subjects informally called him 'king', especially (no doubt) when they spoke in Aramaic, in which malka is a term with a wider range of meaning than Latin rex or even Greek basileus. This looser usage is reflected in the Gospel of Mark, who (followed by Matthew) calls him “King Herod”; Luke, Josephus, speaks of him as “Herod the tetrarch”.

Antipas was the ablest of Herod's sons. Like his father, he was a patron of Hellenistic culture and a great builder. His chief building enterprise was the city of Tiberias, on the west shore of the Lake of Galilee, which he named in honour of the Emperor Tiberius (c. 22) It was a predominantly Gentile city; since it was built on the site of a cemetery, Anipas's Jewish subjects regarded it as unclean. But Jewish scruples were overcome later, and Tiberias became a famous seat of rabbinical learning. ...

...also rebuilt Sepphoris- destroyed in fighting in following the revolt of 4 BC- this was very close to Nazareth.

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